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The 2,000 Year War on Education
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Copernicus studied Aristotle and also…

 

Astrology

One of the subjects that Copernicus must have studied was astrology, since it was considered an important part of a medical education.[39] However, unlike most other prominent Renaissance astronomers, he appears never to have practiced or expressed any interest in astrology.[40]– Wikipedia

As I said. Astrology then, is not at all Astrology today.

Now, this fascinates me… 

Rome and the Holy Roman Empire accepted Copernicus’ work with praise, asking to see his models and written work immediately. 

The Protestant Reform mocked it. 

My Baptist Church leaders attacked the Catholics and the Holy Roman Empire, saying that they were the ones who slandered and attacked Copernicus and had him executed (which they did not. Copernicus lived to the old age of 70).

Protestant attacks on the Copernican system

Some of Copernicus’s close friends turned Protestant, but Copernicus never showed a tendency in that direction. The first attacks on him came from Protestants. Wilhelm Gnapheus, a Dutch refugee settled in Elbląg, wrote a comedy in LatinMorosophus (The Foolish Sage), and staged it at the Latin school that he had established there. In the play, Copernicus was caricatured as the eponymous Morosophus, a haughty, cold, aloof man who dabbled in astrology, considered himself inspired by God, and was rumored to have written a large work that was moldering in a chest.[28]

Elsewhere Protestants were the first to react to news of Copernicus’s theory. Melanchthon wrote:

Some people believe that it is excellent and correct to work out a thing as absurd as did that Sarmatian [i.e., Polish] astronomer who moves the earth and stops the sun. Indeed, wise rulers should have curbed such light-mindedness.[28]

Nevertheless, in 1551, eight years after Copernicus’s death, astronomer Erasmus Reinhold published, under the sponsorship of Copernicus’s former military adversary, the Protestant Duke Albert, the Prussian Tables, a set of astronomical tables based on Copernicus’s work. Astronomers and astrologers quickly adopted it in place of its predecessors.[57]

And also…

Reception of the Copernican system in Rome

In 1533, Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter delivered a series of lectures in Rome outlining Copernicus’s theory. Pope Clement VII and several Catholic cardinals heard the lectures and were interested in the theory. On 1 November 1536, Cardinal Nikolaus von SchönbergArchbishop of Capua, wrote to Copernicus from Rome:

Some years ago word reached me concerning your proficiency, of which everybody constantly spoke. At that time I began to have a very high regard for you… For I had learned that you had not merely mastered the discoveries of the ancient astronomers uncommonly well but had also formulated a new cosmology. In it you maintain that the earth moves; that the sun occupies the lowest, and thus the central, place in the universe… Therefore with the utmost earnestness I entreat you, most learned sir, unless I inconvenience you, to communicate this discovery of yours to scholars, and at the earliest possible moment to send me your writings on the sphere of the universe together with the tables and whatever else you have that is relevant to this subject …[59]

By then Copernicus’s work was nearing its definitive form, and rumors about his theory had reached educated people all over Europe. Despite urgings from many quarters, Copernicus delayed publication of his book, perhaps from fear of criticism—a fear delicately expressed in the subsequent dedication of his masterpiece to Pope Paul III. Scholars disagree on whether Copernicus’s concern was limited to possible astronomical and philosophical objections, or whether he was also concerned about religious objections.[p]

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